Intercultural Citizenship Education interculturaleducationpolicy.co.uk
UK Research Hub · Education & Policy

Why the UK needs intercultural citizenship education.

A research and policy hub for intercultural citizenship in education in the United Kingdom. The case is not new — it has been made, on the record, by a government curriculum review and by Parliament itself.

Policy on the recordtwo verified excerpts
Issues of identity and diversity are more often than not neglected in Citizenship education.
Diversity and Citizenship Curriculum Review (the Ajegbo Report), Department for Education and Skills, 2007 — Key findings.
Verified · primary source Read the review →
Integration within and between different communities is a central topic of our inquiry.
The Ties that Bind: Citizenship and Civic Engagement in the 21st Century, House of Lords Select Committee (HL Paper 118), 2018 — Chapter 1.
Verified · UK Parliament Read the report →
About

Dr Adeeba Ahmad

Independent education policy researcher working on intercultural citizenship in education in the UK — bringing together language education, internationalisation and the policy questions of living together in diverse societies.

At a glance

  • PhD, University of Surrey — intercultural citizenship through language education
  • Receipent of University of Surrey 75%, Fees reduction Award
  • Member, ECRN British Academy
  • Member, CULTNET (Durham)
  • Member, Generation Global

Dr Adeeba Ahmad is an independent education policy researcher based in Guildford, working at the meeting point of language education, the internationalisation of higher education, and intercultural citizenship. Her doctoral research at the University of Surrey examined how intercultural citizenship is developed through foreign-language teaching and learning — and how education policy can either widen or close the space for belonging across cultural difference.

She combines research with teaching: she is a Lecturer and Module Lead at Buckinghamshire New University (delivered through Magna Carta College). Recent work includes a Research Associate role spanning the University of Oxford and Durbeen on a major study of language-in-education policy, alongside research roles at Surrey, King’s College London and the Centre for Transforming Access and Student Outcomes in Higher Education (TASO).

Research interests
Intercultural citizenship in higher education Internationalisation & decolonising the curriculum Language-in-education policy Language teaching & learning (EFL, EAP) Qualitative methods & reflexivity Widening participation & access
Selected publications
The doctorate unbound: relationality in doctoral literacy research
Gravett, K., Heron, M. & Ahmad, A. (2023) · Literacy (Wiley)
Doctoral literacy practices as sites of connections, competition and discomfort
Heron, M., Gravett, K. & Ahmad, A. (2023) · International Journal of Educational Research (Elsevier)
Building a community of practice through a doctoral research group
Heron, M., Dippold, D., Gravett, K., Ahmad, A. et al. (2024) · Studies in Graduate and Postdoctoral Education (Emerald)
From Alienation to Affirmation: Reimagining Language-in-Education Policy as a Space for Belonging and Reparative Futures
Khalid, A., Ahmad, A. & Shamim, F. (forthcoming 2026) · Journal of Language, Identity & Education · forthcoming
Two further papers on internationalisation and intercultural citizenship in higher education
Under review · Policy Studies (Routledge) and Language and Intercultural Communication (Taylor & Francis) · under review

A full publication and conference record is available on request, and her open and forthcoming outputs are gathered under Resources → Research Collection.

Books

Two books in progress

Dr Ahmad is writing two books on intercultural citizenship in education. Selected excerpts will appear here as each manuscript develops — drawn directly from the author’s own drafts.

About these excerpts

  • Author-supplied, from the working manuscripts
  • Shared as previews, not final text
  • Each carries its chapter & a short context line
Book One · In progress

[ Working title of the first book ]

[ Add a 2–3 sentence description of the book: its central argument, who it is for, and how it advances intercultural citizenship in UK education. ]

intercultural citizenshipeducation policy[ add theme ]
excerpt slot

[ Paste a selected excerpt here — roughly 120–250 words. It will render as a pull-quote in this style. ]

[ From Chapter — · short context line ]

excerpt slot

[ Optional second excerpt from this book. ]

[ From Chapter — · short context line ]

Book Two · In progress

[ Working title of the second book ]

[ Add a 2–3 sentence description of the second book and how it complements the first. ]

intercultural citizenshiphigher education[ add theme ]
excerpt slot

[ Paste a selected excerpt here — roughly 120–250 words. ]

[ From Chapter — · short context line ]

excerpt slot

[ Optional second excerpt from this book. ]

[ From Chapter — · short context line ]

These previews are taken from the author’s working manuscripts and are shared for interest only; text may change before publication. To replace a slot, paste your excerpt over the placeholder and add the chapter and context line.

Policy Insights

The need, stated on the record

Two UK sources — a government-commissioned curriculum review and a cross-party House of Lords committee — set out the gap intercultural citizenship education is meant to close. Each excerpt is quoted verbatim and linked to its source.

How these are sourced

  • Quoted directly from the original document
  • Primary / official UK sources only
  • Linked so readers can verify in context
“Issues of identity and diversity are more often than not neglected in Citizenship education.”

Diversity and Citizenship Curriculum Review (the Ajegbo Report) · Department for Education and Skills · 2007 · Key findings, Citizenship.

The government-commissioned review found that the very questions intercultural citizenship addresses — identity, belonging and living together — were too often left out of citizenship teaching. It led to a new programme-of-study strand, “Identity and Diversity: Living together in the UK.”

Verified · primary-source PDF Open the full review (PDF) →
“Integration within and between different communities is a central topic of our inquiry.”

The Ties that Bind: Citizenship and Civic Engagement in the 21st Century · House of Lords Select Committee on Citizenship and Civic Engagement · HL Paper 118 · 2018 · Chapter 1.

The cross-party committee placed integration across and within communities at the centre of its inquiry into 21st-century citizenship, framing a shared sense of belonging as one of the defining and most pressing challenges of our time — the gap that intercultural citizenship education sets out to close.

Verified · UK Parliament Open the committee report →
+

Further policy research

Bodies producing UK evidence on cohesion and intercultural skills.

Research programmeUK

Cohesive Societies

The British Academy

The national academy’s programme on how societies stay cohesive amid rapid change — debate, publications and policy reviews on social cohesion, belonging and living together.

social cohesionpolicy
verified via search Explore the programme
Research · Gap evidenceGlobal

The value of intercultural skills

British Council (with Ipsos & Booz Allen Hamilton)

Global research finding employers value intercultural skills highly — yet most say education does not sufficiently develop them, evidencing a clear skills gap.

intercultural skillsemployers
verified via search Read the research
Resources

Open access & the research collection

Two layers: freely available frameworks, repositories and journals to read and cite — and Dr Ahmad’s own research, gathered in one citable collection.

Two layers

  • Open Access — read, cite, deposit
  • Research Collection — the author’s outputs
A

Open Access

Frameworks, directories and a repository for self-archiving work.

Framework · Free PDFCouncil of Europe

Reference Framework of Competences for Democratic Culture (RFCDC)

Council of Europe

The framework defining the values, attitudes, skills and knowledge for democratic and intercultural competence, with guidance on curriculum, pedagogy and assessment. Freely downloadable.

democratic culturecompetence model
verified via search Open the framework
Tool · Free PDFCouncil of Europe

Autobiography of Intercultural Encounters (AIE)

Council of Europe · Byram, Barrett et al.

A reflective tool (2nd edition aligned to the RFCDC, with visual-media and internet variants) helping learners analyse intercultural encounters. An openly published, classroom-ready instrument.

reflective toolintercultural
verified via search View the tool
Directory · OA JournalsGlobal

Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)

DOAJ

A quality-controlled index of open-access, peer-reviewed journals with deep coverage in education and applied linguistics — the first stop for citable OA outlets.

journalspeer-reviewed
verified via search Search DOAJ
Aggregator · ResearchEurope

OpenAIRE

OpenAIRE

A pan-European network linking open-access repositories, journals and datasets, with discovery tools and funder open-access compliance tracking.

repositoriesdatasets
verified via search Explore OpenAIRE
Repository · Self-archiveCERN

Zenodo

Zenodo (CERN)

A general-purpose open repository for depositing pre-prints, working papers, datasets and reports with a citable DOI. Named in the OpenAIRE open-access guidance.

DOIdeposit
named in OpenAIRE guidance Go to Zenodo
Directory · PoliciesUK · Jisc

SHERPA / OpenDOAR

Jisc (SHERPA services)

Directories of open-access repositories and publisher self-archiving policies — check where to deposit and which article version may be made open. Confirm exact service URLs before launch.

repository listself-archiving
named in OA guidance Find SHERPA services
Educator resources · FreeBritish Council

Intercultural dialogue & global citizenship resources

British Council

Free, self-paced courses and classroom resources for educators — building dialogue skills, intercultural understanding and global-citizenship practice in learning communities.

educator CPDglobal citizenship
verified via search Explore resources
B

Research Collection

Dr Ahmad’s published, forthcoming and in-progress outputs.

Journal article · Published2023

The doctorate unbound: relationality in doctoral literacy research

Gravett, Heron & Ahmad · Literacy (Wiley)

Peer-reviewed article examining relationality in doctoral literacy research.

doctoral literacyDOI
DOI from author CV Read via DOI
Journal article · Published2023

Doctoral literacy practices as sites of connections, competition and discomfort

Heron, Gravett & Ahmad · Int. J. of Educational Research

Peer-reviewed study of doctoral literacy practices across a research community.

doctoral literacyDOI
DOI from author CV Read via DOI
Journal article · Published2024

Building a community of practice through a doctoral research group

Heron, Dippold, Gravett, Ahmad et al. · SGPE (Emerald)

Collaborative study of how a doctoral research group functions as a community of practice.

community of practiceDOI
DOI from author CV Read via DOI
Research report · Published2023

TASO Final Research Report — University of Surrey

Centre for Transforming Access and Student Outcomes (TASO)

Final report from the TASO-commissioned project on access and outcomes, University of Surrey.

widening participationreport
link from author CV Open report (PDF)
Journal article · Forthcoming2026

From Alienation to Affirmation: Reimagining Language-in-Education Policy…

Khalid, Ahmad & Shamim · J. of Language, Identity & Education

Forthcoming paper reframing language-in-education policy as a space for belonging and reparative futures.

language policybelonging
forthcoming 2026
Under reviewdeposit slot

Two papers on internationalisation & intercultural citizenship

Policy Studies (Routledge) · Language and Intercultural Communication (T&F)

Currently under review. Add titles, DOIs and open pre-prints here once accepted.

internationalisationunder review
Add on acceptance
Collaboration

Where to co-produce and place work

The UK centres, bodies and publishers building citizenship and democratic-culture education — each a route to co-authorship, joint bids, seminars or contributed chapters.

What material to propose

  • Co-authored chapters & working papers
  • Joint funding bids & seminar proposals
  • Practitioner toolkits & curriculum case studies
  • Responses to open consultations
Research centreUCL · London

International Centre for Education & Democratic Citizenship (ICEDC)

UCL Institute of Education

Co-founded by Prof. Hugh Starkey, ICEDC runs an international research network and webinar series on how we “learn to live together.” A natural home for co-authored work and joint events.

democratic citizenshipnetwork
verified via search See ICEDC & contact
Co-author · LocalGuildford

Prof. Martyn Barrett

University of Surrey

A lead author of the Council of Europe RFCDC and the Autobiography of Intercultural Encounters — and based at Surrey, Guildford. A strong local route to seminars and co-authorship on competence-for-democracy research.

RFCDC authorlocal
verified via search View profile
Subject associationEngland

Association for Citizenship Teaching (ACT)

ACT · journal: Teaching Citizenship

The UK’s subject association for citizenship education — CPD, an annual conference, model curricula and the practitioner journal Teaching Citizenship. The route to reaching teachers.

practitionersjournal
verified via search Visit ACT
Research networkDurham

CULTNET

Durham University · founded by Michael Byram

The international network of teacher-researchers behind the theory of intercultural citizenship — and one of Dr Ahmad’s affiliations. Its volumes are built from members’ collaborative case studies.

intercultural citizenshipcase studies
verified via search About CULTNET
PublisherBristol

Multilingual Matters

“Languages for Intercultural Communication & Education” series

The publisher of the foundational intercultural-citizenship titles — the route for book and series proposals, from edited collections to single-author monographs.

book proposalseries
verified via search Proposal guidance
Policy bodyStrasbourg

Council of Europe — Education

Education Department

The originator of the RFCDC and the democratic-culture agenda across member states — a route for contributing to implementation materials and aligning research with European policy.

policyimplementation
verified via search Education programme
Research Group & Networking

Communities to belong to

Learned societies, special-interest groups and the national academy that fund, convene and recognise this field. Membership and conferences build the standing and connections behind a UK research profile.

How to use this

  • Join the society / SIG most aligned to your work
  • Submit to annual conferences & calls
  • Track funding, fellowships & recognition
Research networkDurham

CULTNET

Durham University · Michael Byram

The standing international community of teacher-researchers on intercultural citizenship — and a current affiliation of Dr Ahmad. The network for sustained collaboration in the core tradition.

communityaffiliation
verified via search Join CULTNET
Learned societyUK

British Association for Applied Linguistics (BAAL)

BAAL

The UK’s learned society for applied linguistics, with an annual conference, funding, seminars and an international membership — the umbrella for the most relevant special-interest groups.

conferenceSIGs
verified via search Join BAAL
Special-interest groupUK

BAAL Intercultural Communication SIG

BAAL IC-SIG

A forum for researchers, teachers and trainers in inter- and cross-cultural communication, welcoming PhD students and early-career through to established academics. Free to BAAL members.

interculturalECR-friendly
verified via search Visit the IC-SIG
Higher-education societyUK

Society for Research into Higher Education (SRHE)

SRHE

The UK society for higher-education research — networks, an annual conference and funding for research into HE policy and practice. A current membership of Dr Ahmad.

higher educationaffiliation
from author CV About SRHE
International bodyGlobal

AILA

International Association of Applied Linguistics

The international umbrella of national applied-linguistics associations (BAAL among them), with a world congress and research networks — the route to an international audience.

internationalcongress
verified via search Explore AILA
National academyUK

The British Academy

Humanities & Social Sciences

The UK’s national academy for the humanities and social sciences — funding, fellowships, and the endorsing body for the Global Talent visa, including the “exceptional promise” route for potential leaders.

fundingGlobal Talent
verified via search British Academy